---
myst:
  html_meta:
    keywords: LaTeX,installer Texlive,installer LaTeX,configuration locale,texlive directory,texmf privé"
---
# Private installations of files

It sometimes happens that you need a new version of some macro package or font, but that the machine you use is maintained by someone who's unwilling to update and won't give you privileges to do the job yourself. A ["temporary" installation](/5_fichiers/tds/installation_temporaire) is sometimes the correct approach, but if there's the slightest chance that the installation will be needed on more than one project, temporary installations aren't right.

In circumstances where you have plenty of quota on backed-up media, or adequate local scratch space, the correct approach is to create a private installation of (La)TeX which includes the new stuff you need; this is the ideal, but is not generally possible.

So, since you can't install into the public `texmf` tree, you have to install into a `texmf` tree of your own; fortunately, the TDS standard allows for this, and modern distributions allow you to do it. The most modern distributions refer to the tree as `$TEXMFHOME`, but it used to be called `$HOMETEXMF`; so to check that your TeX system does indeed support the mechanism you should start with

```bash
kpsewhich -var-value TEXMFHOME
```

(for example). This will almost invariably return a pointer to a subdirectory `texmf` of your home directory; the commonest exception is Macintoshes, using MacTeX, where the diretory is conventionally `Library/texmf` in your home directory.

If you can confirm that the technique does indeed work, install your new package (or whatever) in the [correct place](/5_fichiers/tds/ou_installer_les_packages) in a tree based on `$HOME/texmf`, and generate an index of that tree

```bash
texhash $HOME/texmf
```

(the argument specifies which tree you are indexing : it's necessary since you don't, by hypothesis, have access to the main tree, and `texhash` without the argument would try to write the main tree.

There are two wrinkles to this simple formula : first, the installation you're using may *not* define a home TEXMF directory, and second, there may be some obstruction to using `$HOME/texmf` as the default name. In either case, a good solution is to have your own `texmf.cnf` --- an idea that sounds more frightening that it actually is. The installation's existing file may be located with the command :

```bash
kpsewhich texmf.cnf
```

Take a copy of the file and put it into a directory of your own; this could be any directory, but an obvious choice is the `web2c` directory of the tree you want to create, i.e., `$HOME/texmf/web2c` or the like. Make an environment variable to point to this directory :

```bash
TEXMFCNF=$HOME/texmf/web2c
export TEXMFCNF
```

(for a Bourne shell style system), or

```bash
setenv TEXMFCNF $HOME/texmf/web2c
```

(for a C-shell style system). Now edit the copy of `texmf.cnf`

There will be a line in the existing file that defines the tree where everything searches; the simplest form of the line is :

```bash
TEXMF = !!$TEXMFMAIN
```

but, there are likely to be several alternative settings behind comment markers (`%`), and the person who installed your system may have left them there. Whatever, you need to modify the line that's in effect : change the above to three lines :

```bash
HOMETEXMF = $HOME/texmf
TEXMF = {$HOMETEXMF,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
% TEXMF = !!$TEXMFMAIN
```

the important point being that `$HOMETEXMF` must come before whatever was there before, inside the braces. For example, if the original was

```bash
TEXMF = {!!$LOCALTEXMF,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
```

it should be converted to :

```bash
HOMETEXMF = $HOME/texmf
TEXMF = {$HOMETEXMF,!!$LOCALTEXMF,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
% TEXMF = {!!$LOCALTEXMF,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
```

(retaining the original, as a comment, is merely an aide-memoir in case you need to make another change, later). The `!!` signs tell the file-searching library that it should insist on a `texhash`-ed directory tree; if you can count on yourself remembering to run `texhash` on your new tree every time you change it, then it's worth adding the marks to your tree :

```bash
TEXMF = {!!$HOMETEXMF,!!$LOCALTEXMF,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
```

as this will make (La)TeX find its files marginally faster.

Having made all these changes, (La)TeX should "just use files in your new tree, in preference to anything in the main tree --- you can use it for updates to packages in the main tree, as well as for installing new versions of things.

:::{sources}
[Private installations of files](faquk:FAQ-privinst)
:::